This question pertains to the revolutionary phase of India's freedom struggle. The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a prominent revolutionary organization that advocated for complete independence from British rule and the establishment of a socialist society in India through armed revolution.
Understanding the Question
The question asks to identify the leader under whose overall leadership the HSRA was established in 1928.
Key Concepts and Approach
The key is to understand the formation of the HSRA as a successor to the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The approach involves identifying the key figures present at the 1928 meeting and recognizing the person who was the central commander of the newly formed organization.
Detailed Solution
From HRA to HSRA: The HSRA was formed by reorganizing the earlier Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), which had been weakened after the Kakori Conspiracy case.
The 1928 Meeting: In September 1928, young revolutionaries from across North India met at the Feroz Shah Kotla ruins in Delhi. At this meeting, influenced by socialist ideals, they decided to rename their organization the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
Leadership Role: While figures like Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev were key ideologues who pushed for the inclusion of 'Socialist' in the name, the meeting took place under the overall leadership and command of Chandrashekhar Azad. He was a senior and highly respected revolutionary who became the commander-in-chief of the HSRA.
Conclusion: Therefore, Chandrashekhar Azad is credited with the leadership under which the HSRA was founded.