Question

Types of flood routing and methods are given in the table below.

Column 1: Type of Flood Routing	Column 2: Method
(P) Hydrologic routing	(i) Muskingum method
(Q) Hydraulic routing	(ii) Modified Pul's method
(R) Reservoir routing	(iii) Method of Characteristics
(S) Channel routing

Option(s) giving the CORRECT match(es) between Column 1 and Column 2 is/are:

• A. (P) - (i); (Q) - (iii); (R) - (ii)
• B. (Q) - (i); (R) - (iii); (S) - (ii)
• C. (P) - (i); (R) - (ii); (S) - (i)
• D. (P) - (ii); (Q) - (iii); (R) - (ii)

Hint:

Muskingum = channel routing, Modified Puls = reservoir routing, Method of Characteristics = hydraulic routing; hydrologic routing (the parent category) fits with either Muskingum or Modified Puls.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, C, D

This question checks whether you know which routing method belongs to which routing family, and it exploits the fact that hydrologic routing is a broader category that covers both reservoir routing and channel routing. Go option by option.

1. Option (A): (P)-(i), (Q)-(iii), (R)-(ii): Muskingum method is a hydrologic technique, so pairing it with the general "hydrologic routing" label (P) is acceptable. Method of Characteristics is the standard way to solve the St. Venant equations, which is exactly what hydraulic routing (Q) means. Modified Pul's method is the storage-indication method used for reservoirs, matching (R). All three links are sound, so (A) is correct.
2. Option (B): (Q)-(i), (R)-(iii), (S)-(ii): Here hydraulic routing is linked to Muskingum, but Muskingum never solves the momentum equation, so this link fails. Reservoir routing is linked to Method of Characteristics, but reservoirs are routed with Modified Puls, not with characteristics. Channel routing is linked to Modified Puls, but channels use Muskingum. Three wrong links means (B) is rejected.
3. Option (C): (P)-(i), (R)-(ii), (S)-(i): Again (P) with Muskingum is fine since Muskingum sits under the hydrologic umbrella. (R) with Modified Puls is the textbook reservoir-routing pair. (S) with Muskingum is the textbook channel-routing pair. All hold, so (C) is correct.
4. Option (D): (P)-(ii), (Q)-(iii), (R)-(ii): (P) with Modified Puls also works, since Modified Puls is a hydrologic method too, just like Muskingum. (Q) with Method of Characteristics is correct as before. (R) with Modified Puls is correct as before. All three hold, so (D) is correct.

The trick is that (P), the parent label "hydrologic routing", is happy to sit next to either Muskingum or Modified Puls, because both of those are hydrologic tools; only (Q), the hydraulic-routing label, is tied to one specific method, the Method of Characteristics.

Let's summarize:

• Muskingum method = channel routing (hydrologic family).
• Modified Pul's method = reservoir routing (hydrologic family).
• Method of Characteristics = hydraulic routing (solves the full St. Venant equations).

So the correct options are (A), (C) and (D).