Question:medium

Two statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
Assertion (A): A hole is an apparent free particle with effective positive electronic charge.
Reason (R): A hole is not necessarily a vacancy left behind by an electron in the valence band.

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In semiconductors, holes are always defined as the absence of electrons in the valence band. They act like positive charges and contribute to current flow.
Updated On: Feb 15, 2026
  • Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
  • Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
  • Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  • Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Assertion (A) is true: In a semiconductor, a hole represents an electron deficiency in the valence band. It exhibits behavior akin to a positively charged free particle, possessing an effective mass and migrating in an electric field in the inverse direction of electron movement.Reason (R) is false: A hole is precisely a vacancy generated in the valence band when an electron transitions to the conduction band. This concept is not a general notion of emptiness but is specifically defined by the band theory of solids.Conclusion: The assertion is accurate; however, the provided reason is inconsistent with physical principles and is therefore incorrect.
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