Sankhya Darshan, a classical Indian philosophical school, identifies two primary principles:
• Prakriti: Primordial, unmanifested matter, the source of all material creation.
• Purusha: Pure consciousness, a passive observer, independent of Prakriti yet interacting to manifest the universe.
Parmanu (atoms) and Pramaan (means of valid knowledge) are not considered fundamental elements in Sankhya philosophy.