Question:medium

Two fair dice, one having red and another having blue color, are tossed independently once. Let \( A \) be the event that the die having red colour will show 5 or 6. Let \( B \) be the event that the sum of the outcomes will be 7 and let \( C \) be the event that the sum of the outcomes will be 8. Then which one of the following statements is true?

Show Hint

Two events are independent if and only if \( P(A \cap B) = P(A) \cdot P(B) \).
Updated On: Feb 16, 2026
  • \( A \) and \( B \) are independent as well as \( A \) and \( C \) are independent
  • \( A \) and \( B \) are independent, but \( A \) and \( C \) are not independent
  • \( A \) and \( C \) are independent, but \( A \) and \( B \) are not independent
  • Neither \( A \) and \( B \) are independent, nor \( A \) and \( C \) are independent
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Define the three events clearly. 
Two fair dice are thrown, one red and one non-red.

Event $A$: The red die shows either 5 or 6.
There are 2 favorable outcomes out of 6 possible values of the red die, so:

\[ P(A)=\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3} \]

Event $B$: The sum of the two dice is 7.
The possible ordered pairs giving a sum of 7 are:

\[ (1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1) \]

There are 6 favorable outcomes out of 36 total outcomes, hence:

\[ P(B)=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6} \]

Event $C$: The sum of the two dice is 8.
The favorable outcomes are:

\[ (2,6),(3,5),(4,4),(5,3),(6,2) \]

There are 5 such outcomes, so:

\[ P(C)=\frac{5}{36} \]

Step 2: Test independence of events A and B.
Two events are independent if:

\[ P(A\cap B)=P(A)\cdot P(B) \]

Event $A\cap B$ occurs when the red die is 5 or 6 and the total sum is 7.
The outcomes satisfying both conditions are:

\[ (5,2),(6,1) \]

Thus:

\[ P(A\cap B)=\frac{2}{36}=\frac{1}{18} \]

Now compute:

\[ P(A)\cdot P(B)=\frac{1}{3}\times\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{18} \]

Since the two values are equal, events $A$ and $B$ are independent.

Step 3: Test independence of events A and C.
Event $A\cap C$ means the red die shows 5 or 6 and the sum is 8.
The possible outcomes are:

\[ (5,3),(6,2) \]

Hence:

\[ P(A\cap C)=\frac{2}{36}=\frac{1}{18} \]

Now calculate:

\[ P(A)\cdot P(C)=\frac{1}{3}\times\frac{5}{36}=\frac{5}{108} \]

Since $\frac{1}{18}\neq\frac{5}{108}$, events $A$ and $C$ are not independent.

Step 4: Final conclusion.
Event $A$ is independent of $B$, but not independent of $C$.
Therefore, the correct choice is:

\[ \boxed{\text{(B)}} \]

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