Question:medium

Three vectors \(\vec a, \vec b\) and \(\vec c\) satisfy the condition \(\vec a+\vec b+\vec c=0\). If \(|\vec a|=3, |\vec b|=4\) and \(|\vec c|=5\), then find the value of \(\vec a\cdot\vec b+\vec b\cdot\vec c+\vec c\cdot\vec a\).

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Square both sides of a+b+c=0 using the dot product with itself.
Updated On: Sep 23, 2026
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Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Isolate one vector before squaring, as an alternative route:
From $\vec a+\vec b+\vec c=0$, write $\vec c=-(\vec a+\vec b)$, so $|\vec c|^2=|\vec a+\vec b|^2=|\vec a|^2+2\vec a\cdot\vec b+|\vec b|^2$.

Step 2: Use this to find just $\vec a\cdot\vec b$ first:
$25 = 9+2\vec a\cdot\vec b+16 \Rightarrow 25=25+2\vec a\cdot\vec b \Rightarrow \vec a\cdot\vec b=0$.

Step 3: Repeat the same trick for $\vec b\cdot\vec c$ and $\vec c\cdot\vec a$ using the other two isolations $\vec a=-(\vec b+\vec c)$ and $\vec b=-(\vec c+\vec a)$:
For $\vec a=-(\vec b+\vec c)$: $9=16+2\vec b\cdot\vec c+25 \Rightarrow \vec b\cdot\vec c=\dfrac{9-41}{2}=-16$. For $\vec b=-(\vec c+\vec a)$: $16=25+2\vec c\cdot\vec a+9 \Rightarrow \vec c\cdot\vec a=\dfrac{16-34}{2}=-9$.

Step 4: Add all three dot products found:
$\vec a\cdot\vec b+\vec b\cdot\vec c+\vec c\cdot\vec a = 0+(-16)+(-9)=-25$, matching the quicker method.

Final Answer:
The sum equals $-25$. \[ \boxed{-25} \]
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