When Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied how workers move while doing a job, they broke every hand and body action down into tiny building blocks such as reach, grasp, move, position and release. These building blocks are called Therbligs, a name formed by roughly reversing their surname. Because each Therblig captures one small physical motion rather than a whole task, they are the basic unit used while carrying out micro motion and time studies to spot and remove wasted movement. This makes option 3, elementary motions of time study, the right match.