This question deals with the royal titles used by rulers in medieval India. Such titles were not just honorifics; they often symbolized a king's power, military strength, and sphere of influence. The title 'Gajapati' is a powerful example, directly reflecting the military composition and might of a particular dynasty.
Understanding the Question
The question asks to identify the kingdom whose rulers adopted the title 'Gajapati'.
Key Concepts and Approach
The key concept is the meaning of 'Gajapati' and its symbolic importance. The approach is to link this title, which signifies control over a large elephant corps, to the kingdom historically renowned for its war elephants.
Detailed Solution
Deciphering the Title: The term 'Gajapati' is a compound of two Sanskrit words: Gaja (meaning elephant) and Pati (meaning lord or master). Thus, the title literally translates to "Lord of the Elephants."
Symbolic Significance: In medieval Indian warfare, elephants were a crucial component of the army, akin to modern-day tanks. A ruler possessing a large and powerful elephant corps was considered formidable. The title 'Gajapati' was a declaration of immense military power.
Historical Association: This title was most famously used by the rulers of the medieval kingdom of Kalinga (modern Odisha). The Eastern Ganga dynasty and, more prominently, the succeeding Gajapati dynasty (founded by Kapilendra Deva in the 15th century) adopted this title.
Conclusion: The historical records clearly associate the title 'Gajapati' with the powerful rulers of the Kalinga (Odisha) kingdom.