A useful way to sort these four options is by asking whether each one studies a single patient, a population, or something else entirely.
- Epidemiology: This field looks at populations as a whole, tracking how many people get a disease, where and when it occurs, and what risk factors determine who gets it. That is exactly what distribution and determinants of disease means.
- Pathology: This works at the level of one patient's tissues and organs, explaining what disease does to the body rather than how it moves through a community.
- Community: This is simply a term for a group of people and is not itself a scientific discipline with a defined method of study.
- Entomology: This studies insects as living organisms, which has nothing to do with tracking disease patterns in human populations.
Only epidemiology fits the population level, cause and pattern focus described in the question.
Therefore, the correct answer is Epidemiology.