This question explores ancient Indian political philosophy, specifically focusing on the Saptanga Theory, which conceptualizes the state as an organism with seven essential components.
Understanding the Question, Key Concepts, and Approach
The question asks to identify the scholar who formulated the "Saptanga Theory." The approach is to define the theory and connect it to its originator, who detailed it in a major political treatise.
Detailed Solution
Step 1: Define the Saptanga Theory. The term "Saptanga" translates to "seven limbs" or "seven elements." This theory posits that a state is composed of seven integral parts that must function cohesively for the state to be stable and prosperous.
Step 2: Identify the proponent and the source text. The Saptanga Theory was systematically articulated by Kautilya (also known as Chanakya) in his classic work, the Arthashastra. The seven elements he described are: Swami (the sovereign), Amatya (the ministers), Janapada (the territory and people), Durga (the fort), Kosha (the treasury), Danda (the army), and Mitra (the allies).
Step 3: Eliminate other options.
Manu is known for the "Manusmriti," a code of law, but not for this specific political theory.
Megasthenes was a Greek historian who wrote "Indica," an account of Mauryan India, but he did not propound this theory.
Panini was a grammarian, author of the "Ashtadhyayi."
Step 4: Conclusion. Kautilya is the scholar who propounded the Saptanga Theory of the state in his treatise, the Arthashastra.