Associate each of the three great Greek tragedians with their most famous play: Aeschylus with The Oresteia, Sophocles with Oedipus Rex, and Euripides with Medea.
Step 1: Concept Identification: The inquiry seeks to determine the playwright of the ancient Greek tragedy titled Medea. Step 2: Detailed Elaboration: Medea stands as a renowned and impactful work from Greek antiquity, recounting the sorceress Medea's vengeful retribution against her faithless spouse, Jason. This drama was authored by the Athenian tragedian Euripides and premiered in 431 BCE. Step 3: Conclusive Response: Euripides penned the play Medea.