Step 1: Identify significant digits.
In 0.00005041, leading zeros before the first non-zero digit are placeholders and not significant. The significant portion starts at 5.
Step 2: Count the significant figures.
The digits 5, 0, 4, 1 are all significant (the zero between 5 and 4 lies between two non-zero digits, so it counts). Total = 4. \[ \boxed{4} \]