Question

The method of directly injecting a sperm into ovum in assisted reproductive technology is called:

• A. Embryo transfer (ET)
• B. Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT)
• C. Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT)
• D. Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Hint:

• Keep the medical terminology literal: "Intra cytoplasmic" means inside the cytoplasm, and "sperm injection" refers to the direct delivery system.

• ICSI is particularly useful in cases of male-factor infertility, such as oligospermia (low sperm count) or asthenozoospermia (poor sperm motility).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Read the key clue in the question.
The question describes a method where a single sperm is directly injected into the ovum. The word directly is the giveaway here.
Step 2: Recall what ART methods do.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies help couples facing infertility by handling gametes or embryos outside or inside the body in controlled ways.
Step 3: Check Embryo Transfer (ET).
Here an already formed embryo is placed into the uterus. No sperm injection happens, so this is not the answer.
Step 4: Check GIFT.
In Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer, sperm and eggs are placed together in the fallopian tube and fertilisation happens naturally. There is no direct injection, so this is wrong.
Step 5: Check ZIFT.
In Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer, fertilisation has already occurred and a zygote is transferred. Again no sperm injection step, so wrong.
Step 6: Check ICSI and conclude.
Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection is the only technique where one sperm is micro-injected straight into the cytoplasm of the egg, exactly matching the description.
\[ \boxed{\text{Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)}} \]