Concept:
- Per capita means for each head, so any per capita figure is a total shared among the people.
- Reading the options against that plain meaning removes three of them without any calculation.
Step 1: Translate the phrase into ordinary words.
Per capita income is what each person would get if the income earned by the whole country in a year were shared equally among everyone. Sharing always means dividing.
Step 2: Remove the options that multiply.
Options (C) and (D) multiply population by income or wealth. Multiplying would make the figure grow with population, whereas a country becomes poorer per head as its population rises. Both are rejected.
Step 3: Remove the option that uses wealth.
Option (B) uses total wealth. Wealth is what a country already owns, while income is what it earns during a year. Average income must be built from income. Option (B) is rejected.
Step 4: Settle on the remaining choice.
Option (A) is the only one that pairs income with division, and per capita income is correctly written as total income divided by total population.
Step 5: Recall the limitation of this measure.
Average income hides how the income is distributed. Two countries with the same per capita income can differ greatly, because in one the income may be shared fairly evenly while in the other most of it may go to a few people.
Final Answer: (A), the choice that links total income with total population through division.