This question pertains to the administrative systems of the Delhi Sultanate. The Iqta system was a foundational institution that shaped the political and economic structure of the Sultanate. It was a practice of assigning land revenue from a territory (an Iqta) to an official in exchange for military and administrative services, instead of providing a cash salary. This system helped the central authority manage vast territories effectively.
Understanding the Question
The question asks to identify the Delhi Sultan credited with introducing the Iqta system in India.
Key Concepts and Approach
The core concept is the 'Iqta system' and its function within the Delhi Sultanate. The approach is to trace the origins of this administrative practice in India and identify the ruler who institutionalized it.
Detailed Solution
Defining the Iqta System: The system involved the Sultan granting the right to collect revenue from a piece of land (Iqta) to a noble or official, known as an Iqtedar or Muqti. The Iqtedar was responsible for maintaining a specified number of troops for the Sultan and managing the administration of the territory.
Introduction in India: While the practice existed in other parts of the Islamic world, it was Sultan Iltutmish who systematically introduced and organized the Iqta system as a cornerstone of the Delhi Sultanate's administration.
Purpose of the System: Iltutmish used this system to consolidate his rule, manage the newly conquered territories, and create a loyal class of nobles who were dependent on the Sultan for their positions. It integrated the political and economic frameworks of the empire.
Conclusion: Therefore, Iltutmish is recognized as the ruler who formally introduced the Iqta system in India, making it a key feature of the Sultanate's governance.