Question

The imperial karkhanas

Bernier is perhaps the only historian who provides a detailed account of the working of the imperial karkhanas or workshops:

Large halls are seen at many places, called karkhanas or workshops for the artisans. In one hall, embroiderers are busily employed, superintended by a master. In another, you see the goldsmiths; in a third, painters; in a fourth, varnishers in lacquer-work; in a fifth, joiners, turners, tailors and shoe-makers; in a sixth, manufacturers of silk, brocade and fine muslins …

The artisans come every morning to their karkhanas where they remain employed the whole day; and in the evening return to their homes. In this quiet regular manner, their time glides away; no one aspiring for any improvement in the condition of life wherein he happens to be born.

How did Bernier’s description reflect the economic significance of the karkhanas in the Mughal empire?

Hint:

Karkhanas were not just craft spaces but crucial economic hubs of production under imperial patronage.

Answer 1

Bernier highlights the economic importance of the karkhanas, portraying them as structured, productive environments for skilled artisans. These workshops enriched the imperial economy by manufacturing high-value items such as silk, muslin, lacquer, and metalwork. The consistent employment and oversight demonstrate that the karkhanas served as crucial hubs of state-directed craft production, bolstering the Mughal economy.