Question

The "Hardiness" trait of personality was given by:

• A. Rosenman
• B. Friedman
• C. Kobasa
• D. Hans Eysenck

Hint:

Hardiness is credited to Kobasa, option (3).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Sort the names by their theory.
Rosenman and Friedman are linked as a pair with Type A and Type B personality. Eysenck is linked with a trait model of personality.

Step 2: Find the odd name left.
Kobasa is the only name tied to the hardiness idea of commitment, control and challenge.

Step 3: Match.
So option (3) is the answer.

Step 4: Why the others fail.
Type A and B patterns describe risk for heart disease, and Eysenck's model describes broad traits. Neither is the hardiness concept.

Step 5: Confirm.
Hardy people see stress as a challenge, which was Kobasa's finding about executives who stayed well.

Step 6: Quick recap of the reasoning.
We first understood what the question asks, then matched the key fact from the chapter with each option one by one, and finally dropped the options that belong to a different idea. This habit of linking every option to its own concept helps avoid careless slips in similar questions.

Final Answer:
Hardiness is credited to Kobasa, option (3).