Question

The 'four Ds' of abnormality are:

• A. Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress, Danger
• B. Deviance, Disruption, Dysfunction, Danger
• C. Deviance, Disruption, Danger, Distress
• D. Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress, Disturbance

Hint:

Option (1) lists the four Ds correctly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Think of the meaning of each word.
For a behaviour to be called abnormal we ask if it is unusual, if it harms functioning, if it hurts the person and if it is risky.

Step 2: Turn the questions into words.
Unusual becomes Deviance. Harmed functioning becomes Dysfunction. Hurt feelings become Distress. Risk becomes Danger.

Step 3: Compare with the options.
Only option (1) holds all four of these words.

Step 4: Spot the extra terms.
Disruption and Disturbance are not part of the standard list, so the options holding them are wrong.

Step 5: Conclude.
Option (1) is the one matching the standard four Ds.

Step 6: Quick recap of the reasoning.
We first understood what the question asks, then matched the key fact from the chapter with each option one by one, and finally dropped the options that belong to a different idea. This habit of linking every option to its own concept helps avoid careless slips in similar questions.

Final Answer:
Option (1) lists the four Ds correctly.