Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The Kishangarh School of Painting is a distinctive and highly sophisticated sub-style of the Rajasthani School of miniature painting.
It emerged in the 18th century within the small princely state of Kishangarh, located in present-day Rajasthan, India.
This school is uniquely defined by its lyrical beauty, mystical atmosphere, and a highly stylized representation of the human figure, particularly women.
The artistic vision of this school was deeply intertwined with the religious devotion and poetic sensibilities of its patron, Raja Sawant Singh.
The painting "Bani Thani" is the most iconic masterpiece of this tradition and serves as the visual signature of the Kishangarh style.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The painting "Bani Thani" (meaning 'The Smartly Dressed' or 'The Adorned One') was created by the master artist Nihal Chand around 1750.
It is a portrait of a woman who was a singer and poetess in the court of Raja Sawant Singh, and who later became his beloved consort.
Historically, this painting represents the synthesis of courtly portraiture and religious allegory.
The subject is depicted with extraordinary features that became the hallmark of the Kishangarh School:
1. The Eyes: They are elongated, curved, and almond-shaped, resembling lotus petals (Kamal-nayan), stretching dramatically toward the temples.
2. The Eyebrows: They are depicted as thin, sharp, and perfectly arched, like a bow.
3. The Profile: The face shows a sharp, pointed nose, a receding forehead, and an elongated chin, creating an elegant and otherworldly appearance.
4. Artistic Elegance: She is shown holding two lotus buds, symbolizing purity and divinity, while wearing a transparent, gold-embroidered dupatta (veil).
The painting is often referred to as the "Mona Lisa of India" because of its enigmatic expression and timeless aesthetic appeal.
Culturally, "Bani Thani" is not just a woman but is visualized as Radha, the divine consort of Krishna.
Raja Sawant Singh, who wrote poetry under the name 'Nagari Das,' was a devotee of the Vallabha Sampradaya, and he saw in Bani Thani the earthly embodiment of Radha.
Comparing this to other schools:
- The Kangra School (Pahari) focuses on soft, rhythmic lines and naturalistic landscapes.
- The Mughal School is noted for its realism, historical documentation, and Persian influence.
- The Bundi School is famous for its vibrant colors and lush vegetation.
None of these schools possess the specific elongated, stylized facial features found in "Bani Thani," making Kishangarh the definitive answer.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The painting "Bani Thani" belongs to the Kishangarh School of Painting, which is a part of the Rajput style of miniature paintings.