Question:easy

The electron in the hydrogen atom is in the third excited state. Its potential energy (in eV) is

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Remember that:
$\text{Total Energy (E)} = \text{Kinetic Energy (K)} + \text{Potential Energy (U)}$.
By the virial theorem for a $1/r$ potential, $K = -E$ and $U = 2E$.
Updated On: Jun 16, 2026
  • $-1.70$
  • $-1.51$
  • $-0.85$
  • $-3.02$
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Translate the wording.
The ground state is $n = 1$. First excited is $n = 2$, second is $n = 3$, and third excited is $n = 4$. So we work with $n = 4$.

Step 2: Recall the total energy formula.
For hydrogen, \[ E_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2}\ \text{eV}. \]

Step 3: Find the total energy at $n = 4$.
\[ E_4 = -\frac{13.6}{16} = -0.85\ \text{eV}. \]

Step 4: Recall how potential energy links to total energy.
For the Coulomb attraction in an atom, the potential energy is exactly twice the total energy, \[ U_n = 2 E_n. \]

Step 5: Compute the potential energy.
\[ U_4 = 2 \times (-0.85) = -1.70\ \text{eV}. \]

Step 6: Sanity check with kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is $+0.85$ eV, and adding it to $U = -1.70$ eV gives back $E = -0.85$ eV, which matches. \[ \boxed{U = -1.70\ \text{eV}} \]
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