Step 1: Plan:
Use the definition of a parabola.
Step 2: Reasoning:
The vertex is exactly halfway between the focus and the directrix, at distance $a$ from each. So the full distance is $2a$. From $y^2 = 16x$, $a=4$, so the distance is $8$.
Final Answer:
The distance is $8$ units, option (B).
\[ \boxed{8} \]