Question

The correct karyotype description of Patau Syndrome is ____________.

• A. 47, +21
• B. 47, +18
• C. 47, +13
• D. 45, XO

Hint:

For exams, memorize the three most common autosomal trisomies:

\textbf{Trisomy 21}: Down Syndrome
\textbf{Trisomy 18}: Edwards Syndrome
\textbf{Trisomy 13}: Patau Syndrome
Notice that the severity of the syndrome generally increases as the chromosome number decreases (i.e., Trisomy 13 is more severe than Trisomy 21).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Concept Summary:
The question requires identifying the specific karyotype associated with Patau Syndrome. A karyotype details the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell. Aneuploidy, an abnormal chromosome number, often underlies human genetic syndromes.
Step 2: Detailed Analysis:
Here's an examination of the syndromes related to each karyotype:

(A) 47, +21: This karyotype indicates 47 total chromosomes, including an extra copy of chromosome 21, characteristic of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21).
(B) 47, +18: This karyotype indicates 47 total chromosomes, including an extra copy of chromosome 18, characteristic of Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18).
(C) 47, +13: This karyotype indicates 47 total chromosomes, including an extra copy of chromosome 13, characteristic of Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13).
(D) 45, XO: This karyotype indicates 45 total chromosomes, with a single X chromosome and no other sex chromosome, characteristic of Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X).
Step 3: Conclusion:
The karyotype 47, +13 (Trisomy 13) accurately describes Patau Syndrome.