Question

Mention the methods of mining given in the picture.

Answer 1

The mining techniques illustrated are:
Open-cast Mining: Involves extracting minerals by clearing away surface soil and rock layers.
Shaft Mining: Entails excavating deep vertical shafts to access minerals located at significant depths.

Answer 2

Two primary mining techniques are distinguished: Open-cast Mining and Shaft Mining. Key distinctions include:

Open-cast Mining	Shaft Mining
Employs mineral extraction near the Earth's surface.	Facilitates mineral extraction located significantly below the surface.
Requires the removal of overlying strata to access mineral deposits.	Involves excavating deep vertical shafts for access to subterranean minerals.
Characterized by lower costs and reduced hazards.	More costly and entails greater risks due to depth and associated safety considerations.

Answer 3

Shaft mining is inherently more dangerous due to deep underground excavation, presenting risks including:

• Potential for tunnel collapse or cave-ins.
• Exposure to toxic gases and particulate matter.
• Inadequate ventilation and illumination.
• Increased likelihood of fire, flooding, or accidents.