Educational research and policies, such as the National Education Policy (NEP), strongly support the use of the mother tongue as the medium of instruction, especially in the foundational years.
When students are taught in their mother tongue, they can focus their cognitive resources on understanding new concepts without the additional burden of translating a foreign language.
This leads to better comprehension, stronger foundational skills, and greater confidence.
Punishment is a negative reinforcement and is generally considered ineffective for long-term learning. Imposing strict discipline without understanding is less effective than fostering self-discipline. Learning in a foreign language can create barriers to understanding.
Therefore, being taught in their mother tongue is the most effective condition for learning among the given options.