Shah Mal belonged to which pargana in Uttar Pradesh?
Shah Mal belonged to which pargana in Uttar Pradesh?
Show Hint
- Barout
- Chinhat
- Bardoli
- Awadh
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The passage says Shah Mal was in western Uttar Pradesh among Jat cultivators with fertile irrigated land. This points to the Meerut and Baghpat belt, not to Lucknow or Gujarat
Step 2: Eliminate by place:
Bardoli lies in Gujarat, so it cannot be a pargana of Uttar Pradesh. Chinhat is a village near Lucknow, famous for a battle. Awadh is a large region and not a pargana. Three options fail on geography
Step 3: Confirm with the textbook fact:
Textbooks on 1857 name the Barout pargana for Shah Mal. That leaves Barout as the only fit
Step 4: Result:
Only option 1 survives every check
Step 5: Extra check:
Why the other options fail: Chinhat is the name of a place near Lucknow where a battle took place, so it has no link with the Jat clan of Shah Mal. Bardoli belongs to Gujarat and to the freedom movement of 1928, which is far from Uttar Pradesh and from 1857. Awadh is a big region, and a pargana is only a small part of a district. A student who knows the difference between a region and a pargana can drop Awadh quickly. The only name that is both a small unit and in western Uttar Pradesh is Barout.
Final Answer:
Barout (option 1).
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Shah MalShah Mal lived in a large village in pargana Barout in Uttar Pradesh. He belonged to a clan of Jat cultivators whose kinship ties extended over chaurasee des (eighty-four villages). The lands in the region were irrigated and fertile, with rich dark loam soil. Many of the villagers were prosperous and saw the British land revenue system as oppressive: the revenue demand was high and its collection inflexible. Consequently cultivators were losing land to outsiders, to traders and moneylenders who were coming into the area.
Shah Mal mobilised the headmen and cultivators of chaurasee des, moving at night from village to village, urging people to rebel against the British. As in many other places, the revolt against the British turned into a general rebellion against all signs of oppression and injustice. Cultivators left their fields and plundered the houses of moneylenders and traders. Displaced proprietors took possession of the lands they had lost. Shah Mal’s men attacked government buildings, destroyed the bridge over the river, and dug up metalled roads – partly to prevent government forces from coming into the area, and partly because bridges and roads were seen as symbols of British rule. They sent supplies to the sepoys who had mutinied in Delhi and stopped all official communication between British headquarters and Meerut. Locally acknowledged as the Raja, Shah Mal took over the bungalow of an English officer, turned it into a “hall of justice”, settling disputes and dispensing judgments. He also set up an amazingly effective network of intelligence. For a period the people of the area felt that firangi raj was over, and their raj had come.
Shah Mal was killed in battle in July 1857.
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Two rebels of 1857
Shah MalShah Mal lived in a large village in pargana Barout in Uttar Pradesh. He belonged to a clan of Jat cultivators whose kinship ties extended over chaurasee des (eighty-four villages). The lands in the region were irrigated and fertile, with rich dark loam soil. Many of the villagers were prosperous and saw the British land revenue system as oppressive: the revenue demand was high and its collection inflexible. Consequently cultivators were losing land to outsiders, to traders and moneylenders who were coming into the area.
Shah Mal mobilised the headmen and cultivators of chaurasee des, moving at night from village to village, urging people to rebel against the British. As in many other places, the revolt against the British turned into a general rebellion against all signs of oppression and injustice. Cultivators left their fields and plundered the houses of moneylenders and traders. Displaced proprietors took possession of the lands they had lost. Shah Mal’s men attacked government buildings, destroyed the bridge over the river, and dug up metalled roads – partly to prevent government forces from coming into the area, and partly because bridges and roads were seen as symbols of British rule. They sent supplies to the sepoys who had mutinied in Delhi and stopped all official communication between British headquarters and Meerut. Locally acknowledged as the Raja, Shah Mal took over the bungalow of an English officer, turned it into a “hall of justice”, settling disputes and dispensing judgments. He also set up an amazingly effective network of intelligence. For a period the people of the area felt that firangi raj was over, and their raj had come.
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