Question

Select correct statements regarding menstrual cycle in human female: (i) First menstruation begins at puberty and is called menopause.
(ii) Ovulation occurs around day 14 when progesterone is maximum.
(iii) In absence of fertilisation, corpus luteum degenerates causing menstruation.
(iv) Menstrual cycle ceases around 50 years of age.

• A. (i) and (ii) only
• B. (ii) and (iv) only
• C. (i) and (iii) only
• D. (iii) and (iv) only

Hint:

Menstrual cycle is controlled by hormone feedback loops involving FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The menstrual cycle involves complex hormonal changes controlling the maturation of the ovum and the preparation of the uterine lining (endometrium).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- (i) Incorrect: The start of menstruation at puberty is termed "menarche," not menopause.
- (ii) Incorrect: Ovulation occurs on day 14 due to an LH surge; progesterone levels reach their maximum in the luteal phase, after ovulation.
- (iii) Correct: If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone and the shedding of the endometrium (menstruation).
- (iv) Correct: The permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle, known as menopause, typically occurs in human females around the age of 50.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct statements are (iii) and (iv). Therefore, the correct option is (D).