The HDI condenses development into three pillars: health, education, and living standard. Health is captured by life expectancy at birth, education by schooling indicators, and living standard by income per head (GDP or GNI per capita). The question asks for the false statement, so identify the option that is not one of these three indicators. Life expectancy at birth, education, and GDP are all genuine HDI components, but life expectancy at 1 year of age is not used anywhere in the index. Therefore the exception, and the correct choice for an except-type question, is life expectancy at 1 year of age.
\[\boxed{\text{Life expectancy at 1 year of age}}\]