Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This question is a Verbal Analogy problem that tests the ability to recognize relationships between different sets of words. Analogies require the solver to identify the specific logic connecting the first pair and then replicate that logic to complete the second pair. This specific case involves biological terminology, specifically the names used for the young of various animal species. It tests general knowledge of common nouns used in zoology.
Step 2: Key Formulas and approach:
The approach for word analogies is to form a "Bridge Sentence." You create a simple sentence that describes how the first word relates to the second. For the pair A : B, the sentence might be "A is a type of B" or "A is the young of B." Once the sentence is formed, you plug the third word (C) into the same sentence to find the fourth word (D). The structure remains: "C is the [Relationship] of D." In this problem, the relationship is Young : Adult.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
In the first pair, "Puppy : Dog," a puppy is the infant or young offspring of a dog. This establishes the rule: the first word is the baby version, and the second word is the adult version of the same animal.
We now take the word "Calf" and apply the same rule. We must identify the adult animal that gives birth to a calf.
Considering Option A (Horse): The young of a horse is called a foal or a colt, not a calf. Therefore, this does not fit the analogy.
Considering Option B (Cow): In common biological terms, the young of a cow is called a calf. This fits our established "Young : Adult" bridge sentence perfectly.
Considering Option C (Cat): The young of a cat is a kitten. This is a common term but does not match the word calf.
Considering Option D (Lion): The young of a lion is known as a cub. Again, this does not fit the specific word provided in the question.
By evaluating all the options against the primary relationship established by the puppy and the dog, we find that only the cow matches the biological description of the parent of a calf.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct word to complete the analogy is Cow.