The word from the text that means "took to be true without proof" is: assumed.
The word from the text that means "based on reason; sensible; reasonable" is: rational.
The word from the text that means "the usual way of doing things" is: customary.
The word from the text that means "a strong desire arising from within" is: longing.
The word from the text that means "the power to endure, without falling ill" is: resilience.
In conclusion, the words from the text that match the given expressions are as follows: