Question:hard

Photoelectrons are emitted when photons of energy $4.2\ \text{eV}$ are incident on a photosensitive metallic sphere of radius $10\ \text{cm}$ and work function $2.4\ \text{eV}$. The number of photoelectrons emitted before the emission is stopped is
[$\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} = 9 \times 10^9\ \text{SI unit};\ e = 1.6 \times 10^{-19}\ \text{C}$]

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To avoid getting lost in powers of 10, calculate the total required charge $q$ first using $q = Vr/(9\times10^9)$. Then simply divide that total charge by $e$ ($1.6 \times 10^{-19}$) in a separate, cleaner step.
Updated On: Jun 4, 2026
  • $1.25 \times 10^6$
  • $1.25 \times 10^2$
  • $1.25 \times 10^8$
  • $1.25 \times 10^4$
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understand the question.
Light of energy $4.2\ \text{eV}$ falls on a metal sphere of radius $10\ \text{cm}$ with work function $2.4\ \text{eV}$. Electrons fly off. We must find how many electrons leave before the emission stops.

Step 2: Why emission stops.
Each time an electron leaves, the sphere is left a bit more positive. This positive charge pulls the electrons back. After enough electrons leave, the sphere is positive enough to stop even the fastest electron. Emission stops at that point.

Step 3: Find the maximum kinetic energy.
By Einstein's photoelectric equation, the fastest electron has energy:
\[ K_{\max} = E - \phi = 4.2 - 2.4 = 1.8\ \text{eV} \]

Step 4: Find the stopping potential.
Emission stops when the sphere's potential reaches the value that just holds back a $1.8\ \text{eV}$ electron. That potential is $V = 1.8\ \text{V}$.

Step 5: Relate potential to number of electrons.
A sphere carrying charge $ne$ has potential:
\[ V = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\,\frac{ne}{r} \]
Put $V = 1.8$, $r = 0.1\ \text{m}$, $\tfrac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} = 9\times 10^9$, $e = 1.6\times 10^{-19}$:
\[ 1.8 = 9\times 10^9 \times \frac{n\times 1.6\times 10^{-19}}{0.1} \]

Step 6: Solve for $n$.
Simplify the right side:
\[ 1.8 = 9\times 10^9 \times 1.6\times 10^{-19}\times 10 \times n = 1.44\times 10^{-8}\, n \]
\[ n = \frac{1.8}{1.44\times 10^{-8}} = 1.25\times 10^{8} \]
This matches option (3).
\[ \boxed{n = 1.25\times 10^{8}} \]
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