Question:hard

\(P, Q, R, S, X,\) and \(Y\) are distinct single-digit whole numbers taking values from 0 to 9.
\(PQ\) is a two-digit number with \(Q\) in the units place and \(P\) in the tens place. Similarly, \(RS\) is a two-digit number.
It is known that \(PQ\) and \(RS\) are consecutive numbers and \((PQ)^2 + (RS)^2 = XYP\), with \(XYP\) being a three-digit number.
The value of \(Y\) is __________.

Show Hint

Bound the two numbers using \((PQ)^2+(RS)^2 < 1000\), then notice only one consecutive pair in that range has different tens digits.
Updated On: Jul 22, 2026
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Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

This question is a digit-puzzle: we need two consecutive two digit numbers whose squares add up to a three digit number, with a very specific twist, the last digit of that sum has to match the tens digit of the smaller number, and none of the six letters P, Q, R, S, X, Y can repeat a digit.

Start from the size limit. If $a$ and $a+1$ are the two consecutive numbers, $a^2+(a+1)^2$ must stay under 1000 to remain a three digit number. Expanding, $2a^2+2a+1 \le 999$, so $a^2+a \le 499$. Testing $a=21$: $441+21=462$, fine. Testing $a=22$: $484+22=506$, too big. So only $a=10$ through $a=21$ can possibly work.

Now bring in the distinctness rule. Whenever $a$ and $a+1$ share the same tens digit, for example 14 and 15, the letters P (tens digit of $a$) and R (tens digit of $a+1$) come out equal, which the question forbids since all six letters must be different digits. Scan the list 10 to 21: every consecutive pair keeps the same tens digit, except the single pair 19 and 20, where the tens digit flips from 1 to 2. That makes $a=19$, $a+1=20$ the only pair worth checking.

  1. Try PQ = 19, RS = 20: here $P=1$, $Q=9$, $R=2$, $S=0$. Squaring and adding: $19^2=361$, $20^2=400$, sum $=761$. The units digit of 761 is 1, and that has to equal P. It does, P is 1. So the three digit sum 761 splits as $X=7$, $Y=6$, $P=1$.
  2. Check all six digits: P=1, Q=9, R=2, S=0, X=7, Y=6. Every one of these six digits, {0,1,2,6,7,9}, is different from the rest, so this assignment satisfies the puzzle completely.
  3. Rule out the flipped order: if instead PQ=20 and RS=19, then P would be 2, but the sum is still 761 with units digit 1, a contradiction. So the numbers must be read as PQ=19 (smaller) and RS=20 (larger).

With the full assignment confirmed, the letter Y equals 6, matching option (C).

\[ \boxed{Y = 6} \]
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