The molecular formula of water is a fundamental and frequently asked question in various exams, including those related to Home Science. Understanding the composition of water at the molecular level is crucial for many scientific fields.
- Identify the chemical elements in water:
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. These two elements bond together to form water molecules. - Determine the ratio and bonding of atoms:
A single molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. This can be represented by the molecular formula, which shows the number and types of atoms present in a molecule. - Write the molecular formula:
The molecular formula for water is \(H_2O\). This indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom in a water molecule. - Rule out incorrect options:
- The formula \(H_2O_2\) represents hydrogen peroxide, which contains an extra oxygen atom compared to water, making it a different compound.
- The formula \(HO_2\) does not represent a common chemical structure known in basic chemistry.
- The formula \(H_2O_3\) is not a recognized formula for any stable molecule; it suggests an extra oxygen, which is incorrect for water.
Thus, the correct molecular formula for water is \(H_2O\).