Question

Mixing of soil matrix within a pedon resulting in irregular or broken horizons over permafrost is called

• A. Eluviation
• B. Pedoturbation
• C. Illuviation
• D. Cryoturbation

Hint:

Cryo = cold. Cryoturbation is commonly found in tundra and permafrost regions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Eluviation and illuviation describe vertical movement of material, not horizon-breaking mixing.
Step 2: Pedoturbation is the general term for any soil mixing, too broad here.
Step 3: The freeze-thaw specific mixing over permafrost has its own dedicated name.
Step 4: Correct answer, cryoturbation.