A 16:1 multiplexer can be constructed hierarchically using 2:1 multiplexers. The design proceeds as follows:
Level 1: Utilizes 8 2:1 multiplexers to reduce the input lines.
Level 2: Employs 4 2:1 multiplexers to process the outputs from Level 1.
Level 3: Incorporates 2 2:1 multiplexers for further reduction.
Level 4: Requires 1 2:1 multiplexer for the final selection. The total count of 2:1 multiplexers needed is the sum of multiplexers at each level: \[ 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 12 \]. Consequently, 12 2:1 multiplexers are required.
The figure shows a 4-to-1 multiplexer. The inputs are connected as:
$I_0 = 1$, $I_1 = 0$, $I_2 = 1$, $I_3 = y$.
The select lines are $S_1 = x$ and $S_0 = z$.
Find the Boolean function $f(x,y,z)$.

