Step 1: Recall the year directly:
321 B.C. marks: Accession of Chandragupta Maurya.
Step 2: Provide brief context:
In 321 BCE, Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Nanda dynasty and ascended the throne of Magadha, founding the Mauryan Empire, guided by his mentor Chanakya (Kautilya).
Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{\text{Accession of Chandragupta Maurya}} \]