Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
We must identify the functional groups of the chemical structures provided in List-I and match them with the classic qualitative organic laboratory tests in List-II designed to detect those specific functional groups. Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
- Alcohols react with Lucas Reagent ($ZnCl_2 / HCl$).
- Amines react with Hinsberg's Reagent (Benzenesulfonyl chloride).
- Aldehydes react with Tollen's Reagent (Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate).
- Phenols react with Phthalic anhydride to give the Phthalein dye test. Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze the visual structures and map them:
A. Cyclohexanol: This is an alicyclic ring with an $-OH$ group. It is a secondary alcohol. Alcohols are identified using the Lucas test, where secondary alcohols produce turbidity after 5-10 minutes. (A $\to$ III)
B. Cyclohexylamine: This is an alicyclic ring with an $-NH_2$ group. It is a primary aliphatic amine. Amines are famously identified using Hinsberg's reagent test (forming a clear solution that precipitates upon acidification). (B $\to$ I)
C. Cyclohexanecarbaldehyde: This is an alicyclic ring attached to a $-CHO$ group. It is an aldehyde. Aldehydes uniquely reduce Tollen's reagent to form a silver mirror. (C $\to$ IV)
D. Phenol: This is a benzene ring (indicated by the conjugated circle inside the hexagon) attached directly to an $-OH$ group. Phenols undergo condensation with phthalic anhydride in the presence of concentrated $H_2SO_4$ to form distinct indicator dyes (like phenolphthalein). This is the Phthalein dye test. (D $\to$ II)
Matching sequence: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II. Step 4: Final Answer:
Option (A) is the correct match.
