Question

Match the items in Group-I with the most appropriate stages of travel demand modelling in Group-II. 

\[\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \textbf{Group I} & \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline (P)\ \text{US-EPA's MOVES} & (1)\ \text{Trip Assignment} \\ (Q)\ \text{Fratar Model} & (2)\ \text{Trip Production} \\ (R)\ \text{Growth Factor Model} & (3)\ \text{Trip Distribution} \\ (S)\ \text{User Equilibrium} & (4)\ \text{Mobile source emission estimation} \\ & (5)\ \text{Destination Choice} \\ \hline \end{array} \]
 

• A. P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
• B. P-3, Q-4, R-5, S-1
• C. P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-5
• D. P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-5

Hint:

Remember: MOVES → Emissions, Fratar → Distribution, Growth Factor → Production, User Equilibrium → Assignment. This matches perfectly with the 4-stage travel demand model.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: US-EPA's MOVES.
\nMOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) from US-EPA is utilized for estimating emissions from mobile sources. \n\[\nP \Rightarrow 4\n\] \n\n

Step 2: Fratar Model.
\nThe Fratar model is employed in Trip Distribution to update future OD (Origin-Destination) matrices using growth factors. \n\[\nQ \Rightarrow 3\n\] \n\n

Step 3: Growth Factor Model.
\nGrowth factor models forecast future trips by projecting current traffic volumes based on socioeconomic data, which is part of Trip Production. \n\[\nR \Rightarrow 2\n\] \n\n

Step 4: User Equilibrium.
\nThe user equilibrium principle (Wardrop's principle) is applied in traffic assignment, stipulating that no driver can shorten travel time by altering their route, thus relating to Trip Assignment. \n\[\nS \Rightarrow 1\n\] \n\n \n\[\n\boxed{P-4, \ Q-3, \ R-2, \ S-1}\n\]