Question

Match the following strategies in Group-I with their corresponding descriptions in Group-II.

Group I		Group II
P	Transfer of Development Rights	1	Financial support by the Government for Public-Private-Partnership projects
Q	Betterment Levy	2	Tax imposed on unused or underdeveloped plots
R	Viability Gap Funding	3	Award of additional F.A.R. in different locations in exchange of land for public purpose
S	Vacant Land Tax	4	One-time fee to recover investment for enhanced public infrastructure
		5	Fee for land use change from agriculture to non-agriculture

• A. P - 3, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 5
• B. P - 1, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 2
• C. P - 3, Q - 1, R - 5, S - 2
• D. P - 3, Q - 4, R - 1, S - 2

Hint:

TDR = extra F.A.R. elsewhere for surrendered land; Betterment levy = one-time infrastructure cost recovery; VGF = government grant for PPP viability; Vacant land tax = recurring tax on unused plots.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Four land-based financing and compensation tools are given here: Transfer of Development Rights, Betterment Levy, Viability Gap Funding, and Vacant Land Tax. Work out what each one actually does before checking the option list.

1. Transfer of Development Rights (P): used when a plot is acquired for a public purpose like a road or park; instead of cash, the owner gets certificates of extra F.A.R. redeemable at another site. This is description 3.
2. Betterment Levy (Q): a single, one-time charge collected from owners whose property value has gone up purely because the government built new infrastructure nearby, meant to recover part of that public spend. This is description 4.
3. Viability Gap Funding (R): a government grant that bridges the shortfall between a PPP project's cost and the revenue it can realistically earn, so the private partner still finds it worth investing. This is description 1.
4. Vacant Land Tax (S): an ongoing tax on plots left vacant or underused, designed to discourage owners from sitting on undeveloped land. This is description 2.

Combining these four matches gives P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2, option (D). The other options mix up the pairs, for instance option (B) incorrectly places TDR at description 1, which is really the VGF grant, not a F.A.R. award.

Let's summarize:

• TDR trades surrendered land for F.A.R. usable elsewhere.
• Betterment levy recovers the cost of a specific infrastructure upgrade, once.
• Viability Gap Funding is the government's grant to keep a PPP project viable.
• Vacant land tax is a recurring charge meant to discourage land banking.

So the correct match is P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2, option (D).