Question

Match the following List-I (verb forms) with List-II (non-finites):

Codes:

• A. a - iv, b - ii, c - iii, d - i
• B. a - iv, b - i, c - ii, d - iii
• C. a - ii, b - iii, c - i, d - iv
• D. a - ii, b - i, c - iii, d - iv

Hint:

A quick way to distinguish a Gerund from a Present Participle is to identify its grammatical role. If the -ing form behaves like a noun, it is a Gerund. If it describes a noun or helps form a continuous tense, it is a Present Participle.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Identify the function of the Present Participle. A present participle is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of a verb. Examples:
• Running water
• A crying child
• She is singing. The present participle performs two important functions:
• It helps form continuous tenses.
• It can function adjectivally by describing a noun. Looking at List-II, statement (ii) says: “Verb form ending in -ing used as an adjective or for continuous tense.” This exactly describes a present participle. Therefore, \[ (a) \rightarrow (ii) \]

Step 2: Identify the function of the Infinitive. An infinitive represents the base form of a verb. It is generally preceded by the word “to”. Examples:
• to read
• to write
• to learn
• to speak The infinitive is considered the most basic verbal form and may function as a noun, adjective, or adverb depending upon context. In List-II, statement (iii) reads: “Base form of a verb often preceded by ‘to'.” This is the precise definition of an infinitive. Hence, \[ (b) \rightarrow (iii) \]

Step 3: Identify the function of the Gerund. A gerund also ends in -ing, but unlike a present participle, it functions entirely as a noun. Examples:
• Swimming is good exercise.
• Reading improves knowledge.
• He enjoys painting. In each sentence, the -ing word behaves like a noun rather than an adjective. List-II statement (i) says: “Verb form used as a noun without ‘to'.” Since a gerund is a noun form derived from a verb, this description matches perfectly. Therefore, \[ (c) \rightarrow (i) \]

Step 4: Identify the function of the Perfect Participle. A perfect participle is formed by using: \[ \text{Having} + \text{Past Participle} \] Examples:
• Having completed the work, he went home.
• Having finished the examination, she relaxed.
• Having studied hard, the student performed well. This structure indicates that one action was completed before another action occurred. In List-II, statement (iv) states: “Having + past participle showing completed action before another action.” This is the exact definition of a perfect participle. Hence, \[ (d) \rightarrow (iv) \]

Step 5: Form the final matching sequence. Combining all the correct matches: {lcl} (a) Present participle & $\rightarrow$ & (ii)
(b) Infinitive & $\rightarrow$ & (iii)
(c) Gerund & $\rightarrow$ & (i)
(d) Perfect participle & $\rightarrow$ & (iv)
Thus, the complete matching arrangement is \[ a - ii,\; b - iii,\; c - i,\; d - iv \] This corresponds to Option (C).