Question

Match List-I with List-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Both species are harmed	I. Predation
B. One species is harmed and the other is benefited	II. Mutualism
C. Both species are benefited	III. Competition
D. One is benefited while the other has no effect	IV. Commensalism

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
• B. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
• C. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• D. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Hint:

Competition and mutualism are symmetrical interactions (\(-\),\(-\) and \(+\),\(+\)), while predation and commensalism are asymmetrical. Spleen-plant relationships and lichen associations are famous examples of mutualistic interactions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understand the matching.
We match each description of a two-species interaction to its correct ecological name.
Step 2: Match A.
A says both species are harmed, written as ($-$, $-$). That is competition, so A goes with III.
Step 3: Match B.
B says one is harmed and the other benefits, written as ($+$, $-$). That is predation, so B goes with I.
Step 4: Match C.
C says both species benefit, written as ($+$, $+$). That is mutualism, so C goes with II.
Step 5: Match D.
D says one benefits while the other is unaffected, written as ($+$, $0$). That is commensalism, so D goes with IV.
Step 6: Assemble and conclude.
The full set is A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV, which is option (1).
\[ \boxed{\text{A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV}} \]