Question

Match List - I with List - II. P. Polyembryony _ _ _ _ (i) Apple
Q. Parthenocarpy _ _ _ _ (ii) Female gametophyte
R. False Fruit _ _ _ _ (iii) Orange
S. Embryo Sac _ _ _ _ (iv) Banana

• A. P-(iii), Q-(i), R-(ii), S-(iv)
• B. P-(iii), Q-(iv), R-(i), S-(ii)
• C. P-(i), Q-(iv), R-(iii), S-(ii)
• D. P-(iii), Q-(iv), R-(ii), S-(i)

Hint:

Angiosperm reproduction involves both fertilization-based and fertilization-independent processes.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept:
Plant reproductive strategies include a wide range of adaptations that ensure successful reproduction and survival. These include modifications in seed development, fruit formation, and embryonic development. Polyembryony, parthenocarpy, and false fruit formation are important evolutionary adaptations observed in angiosperms.
Step 1: {Using concept of polyembryony in citrus plants.}
Polyembryony refers to the presence of multiple embryos within a single seed. This occurs due to the development of additional embryos from nucellar tissue or cleavage of the zygote. In citrus fruits such as orange, this phenomenon ensures higher chances of seedling survival and genetic stability. Hence orange is a classical example.
Step 2: {Using parthenocarpy mechanism in fruit development.}
Parthenocarpy refers to fruit development without fertilization. Since fertilization does not occur, seeds are absent, resulting in seedless fruits. Banana is a well-known example of parthenocarpy. This trait is agriculturally important because it increases fruit quality and commercial value.
Step 3: {Using false fruit formation concept.}
False fruits are those in which edible parts develop from floral structures other than the ovary, such as thalamus or receptacle. In apple, the fleshy edible portion is largely derived from the thalamus, making it a false fruit.
Step 4: {Using embryo sac structure as female gametophyte.}
The embryo sac is the haploid female gametophyte of angiosperms. It contains egg apparatus, central cell, and antipodals, and is the site of fertilization.
Final Understanding:
Each term represents a distinct reproductive adaptation in flowering plants.