Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I	List-II
(A) An observed set of population selected for analysis	(I) Parameter
(B) A specific characteristic of the population	(II) Hypothesis
(C) A specific characteristic of the sample	(III) Statistic
(D) A statement made about a population parameter for testing	(IV) Sample

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (II)

Hint:

A simple way to remember the difference between a parameter and a statistic is the "P-P" and "S-S" rule: \textbf{P}arameters describe \textbf{P}opulations, and \textbf{S}tatistics describe \textbf{S}amples.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Conceptual Foundation:
This question assesses understanding of core inferential statistics terminology, focusing on inferences made about a population from sample data.
Step 2: Detailed Analysis:
Matching terms from List-I with their definitions in List-II:
(A) A subset of a population selected for examination: This describes a Sample, a portion of a larger population collected for analysis.\textit{Thus, (A) corresponds to (IV).}
(B) A numerical descriptor of a population characteristic: A Parameter is a numerical value representing a characteristic of the entire population (e.g., population mean \(\mu\) or population standard deviation \(\sigma\)).\textit{Therefore, (B) matches with (I).}
(C) A numerical descriptor of a sample characteristic: A Statistic is a numerical value representing a characteristic of a sample (e.g., sample mean \(\bar{x}\) or sample standard deviation s). Statistics are employed to estimate population parameters.\textit{Hence, (C) aligns with (III).}
(D) A testable assertion about a population parameter: A Hypothesis, specifically a statistical hypothesis, is a claim or statement about a population parameter that requires verification.\textit{Consequently, (D) pairs with (II).}
Step 3: Conclusion:
The correct pairings are A-IV, B-I, C-III, and D-II, corresponding to option (D).