Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Evolutionary Processes)	List-II (Example)
(A) Divergent evolution	(I) Wings of butterfly and birds
(B) Convergent evolution	(II) Lemur and spotted cuscus
(C) Anthropogenic evolution	(III) Hearts of vertebrates
(D) Adaptive Radiation	(IV) Antibiotic resistant microbes

• A. (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
• B. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
• C. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
• D. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The evolutionary processes from List-I are matched with their examples in List-II as follows:

1. Divergent evolution: Species with a common ancestor evolve distinct traits. The hearts of vertebrates exemplify this, as diverse vertebrate heart structures arose from a common ancestral form, adapted to different environments (A)-(III).
2. Convergent evolution: Unrelated species independently develop analogous traits due to similar environmental pressures. The wings of butterflies and birds, functionally similar but structurally different, illustrate this phenomenon (B)-(I).
3. Anthropogenic evolution: Evolution driven by human activities. Antibiotic-resistant microbes are a prime example, resulting from human-induced selection pressure via antibiotic use (C)-(IV).
4. Adaptive Radiation: A single ancestral lineage rapidly diversifies into multiple species, each occupying a distinct ecological niche. The evolution of lemur and spotted cuscus, which adapted to separate niches within the same geographic area, demonstrates this (D)-(II).

Therefore, the correct matching is: (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)