Nutrient mobility (especially in plant) determines where deficiency symptoms show up first:
Mobile in plant (e.g., N, P, K, Mg): Deficiency on older leaves.
Immobile in plant (e.g., Ca, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu): Deficiency on younger leaves/growing points.
Soil mobility is also important for uptake.
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) are structural non-mineral nutrients.