Question

Match List-I with List-II \[ \begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \textbf{Concept} & \textbf{Proposed by} \\ \hline (A) \; \text{Animism} & (I) \; \text{R R Marett} \\ \hline (B) \; \text{Animatism} & (II) \; \text{Emile Durkheim} \\ \hline (C) \; \text{Naturalism} & (III) \; \text{E B Tylor} \\ \hline (D) \; \text{Totemism} & (IV) \; \text{Max Muller} \\ \hline \end{array} \] Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)

Hint:

Each scholar's work on religion contributed to the understanding of human beliefs, ranging from animism (spirit belief) to totemism (symbolic connections with animals).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The question presents concepts related to religion and cultural anthropology, each linked to specific scholars.

- Animism (A) refers to the belief in spirits inhabiting objects and nature, a theory proposed by E B Tylor (III), recognized as the originator of animism theory.
- Animatism (B) denotes the belief that objects possess spiritual power, though not necessarily spirits, as theorized by R R Marett (I).
- Naturalism (C) is the belief that natural phenomena can be explained by natural laws, not supernatural forces, a concept advanced by Max Muller (IV), a linguist and religious scholar.
- Totemism (D) is the belief in a connection between humans and specific animals or plants as ancestors or protectors, explored by Emile Durkheim (II) in his studies of social cohesion and religious beliefs.

Step 1: Matching the concepts with the scholars.
- Animism aligns with E B Tylor (III) and his study of spirit beliefs.
- Animatism is associated with R R Marett (I) and his concept of spiritual power in nature.
- Naturalism is linked to Max Muller (IV) and his emphasis on rational explanations for natural phenomena.
- Totemism is associated with Emile Durkheim (II) and his examination of totems in societal structure and religion.

Final Answer:
\[\boxed{\text{The correct answer is (3) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II).}}\]