Question:medium

Let \( f: \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \) be defined as:

\[ f(x, y) = \begin{cases} \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}} & \text{if } (x, y) \neq (0, 0) \\ 1 & \text{if } (x, y) = (0, 0) \end{cases} \] Then, which of the following statements is true?

Show Hint

When checking the limit of a multivariable function at the origin, converting to polar coordinates is a very effective strategy. If the resulting expression depends on \( \theta \) after \( r \) has been taken to 0, the limit does not exist.
Updated On: Feb 10, 2026
  • \( \lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} f(x,y) \) does not exist
  • \( f(x,y) \) is continuous but not differentiable
  • \( f(x,y) \) is differentiable function
  • \( f(x,y) \) have removable discontinuity
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Core Idea:
This question assesses limits and continuity of a two-variable function. The limit must be consistent along all paths to a point for it to exist. If the limit fails to exist, the function is neither continuous nor differentiable at that point.

Step 2: Method:
To check the limit at \((0,0)\), investigate the function's behavior along different paths. Polar coordinates, \( x = r\cos\theta, y = r\sin\theta \), are a useful tool. As \( (x,y) \to (0,0) \), then \( r \to 0 \).

Step 3: Step-by-step Solution:
Substitute polar coordinates into the function for \( (x,y) eq (0,0) \): \[ f(r\cos\theta, r\sin\theta) = \frac{r\cos\theta}{\sqrt{(r\cos\theta)^2 + (r\sin\theta)^2}} = \frac{r\cos\theta}{\sqrt{r^2(\cos^2\theta + \sin^2\theta)}} = \frac{r\cos\theta}{\sqrt{r^2}} = \frac{r\cos\theta}{r} = \cos\theta \]Next, evaluate the limit as \( (x,y) \to (0,0) \), which translates to \( r \to 0 \): \[ \lim_{r \to 0} f(r\cos\theta, r\sin\theta) = \lim_{r \to 0} \cos\theta = \cos\theta \]The limit's value depends on \( \theta \), the approach angle. Examples: - Along the positive x-axis (\( \theta=0 \)), the limit is \( \cos(0) = 1 \). - Along the positive y-axis (\( \theta=\pi/2 \)), the limit is \( \cos(\pi/2) = 0 \). Because the limit varies with the approach path, \( \lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} f(x,y) \) does not exist.

Step 4: Conclusion:
- Since the limit does not exist at \((0,0)\), the function is not continuous there, eliminating options B and C. - A removable discontinuity needs a limit that exists. Because the limit does not exist, the discontinuity is non-removable, eliminating option D. - Therefore, only statement A is correct.

Final Answer: \( \lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} f(x,y) \) does not exist.
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