Question

John Friedmann is associated with the planning theory:

• A. Conservative Surgery
• B. Equity Planning
• C. Advocacy Planning
• D. Four Stage model of Regional Development

Hint:

In planning theory, Equity Planning is important for promoting justice and fairness in the development process.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Planning theory attributes several distinct ideas to different theorists, so pinning the right one to Friedmann means separating look-alike terms first.
Conservative Surgery belongs to Patrick Geddes, and Advocacy Planning is more commonly tied to Paul Davidoff, so both are set aside. The Four Stage Model concerns regional economic development patterns, a separate strand of theory.
Equity Planning, concerned with directing planning resources toward disadvantaged communities, is the strand of planning theory most closely tied to Friedmann's name.
So, the correct answer is Equity Planning.

Answer 2

A useful check for "theorist matching" questions like this is to ask what each term's central concern is, and see which concern lines up with Friedmann's own body of work:

1. Conservative Surgery: Central concern, preserving existing urban fabric with minimal demolition, an approach credited to Patrick Geddes, not Friedmann.
2. Advocacy Planning: Central concern, planners actively representing specific community interests in the planning process, a concept most associated with Paul Davidoff.
3. Four Stage Model of Regional Development: Central concern, mapping how regional economies shift in spatial pattern as they develop, a distinct branch of regional-development theory.
4. Equity Planning: Central concern, steering planning outcomes to benefit disadvantaged groups fairly, the strand of planning theory most closely tied to Friedmann's own work.

Matching each term's central concern against the theorist it is most closely tied to points to the same answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is Equity Planning.