Question

________ is learning by observing others in which the client gradually learns to acquire the behaviour of the model through a process of rewarding small changes in the behaviour.

• A. Vicarious learning
• B. Token economy
• C. Differential learning
• D. Flooding

Hint:

Learning by watching a model.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Idea: use the key phrase observing others
Only some options involve watching other people. Find them first.

Step 2: Test option (1)
Vicarious learning is learning from watching others. It is the only option about watching.

Step 3: Test option (2)
Token economy rewards actions with tokens and does not need a model. Out.

Step 4: Test option (3)
Differential learning is not a recognised technique. Out.

Step 5: Test option (4)
Flooding is exposure to a fear and has no model. Out.

Step 6: Conclusion
The learner watches a model and small gains are rewarded. This is learning through another person, which is vicarious learning.

Final Answer:
Option (1), vicarious learning, is correct. \[ \boxed{\text{Option (1)}} \]