Question

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction and repulsion between interacting paiticles that will include : 

A. dipole - dipole forces. 

B. dipole - induced dipole forces. 

C. hydrogen bonding. 

D. covalent bonding. 

E. dispersion forces. 

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

• A. A, B, C, D are correct.
• B. A, B, C, E are correct.
• C. A, C, D, E are correct.
• D. B, C, D, E are correct.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The question asks to identify the intermolecular forces from the given options. Let's understand each type of force to determine which ones are intermolecular:

1. Dipole-Dipole Forces: These are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. These are indeed intermolecular forces.
2. Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces: These occur when a polar molecule (having a dipole) induces a dipole in a nonpolar molecule by disturbing its electron cloud. This interaction is also considered an intermolecular force.
3. Hydrogen Bonding: A special type of dipole-dipole interaction, hydrogen bonds occur when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. This is also an intermolecular force.
4. Covalent Bonding: This is a type of bonding where atoms share electron pairs. This is an intramolecular force, not intermolecular. Thus, it does not belong in the list when identifying intermolecular forces.
5. Dispersion Forces (London Forces): These are weak intermolecular forces caused by temporary dipoles in molecules due to electron movement. Dispersion forces are considered intermolecular forces.

Based on the above analysis, the intermolecular forces from the given options are:

• A. Dipole-Dipole Forces
• B. Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces
• C. Hydrogen Bonding
• E. Dispersion Forces

Therefore, the correct answer is A, B, C, E are correct.