Question

In which one of the following, the ovules are not enclosed by an ovary wall and remain exposed ?

• A. Funaria
• B. Pinus
• C. Selaginella
• D. Wolffia

Hint:

"Naked seeds" is the hallmark of Gymnosperms. If you see {Pinus} or {Cycas}, they lack an ovary wall.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Question
This question tests the understanding of the fundamental morphological differences between the major groups of the plant kingdom. Specifically, it focuses on the presence or absence of an ovary, which is the primary trait used to distinguish Gymnosperms ("naked seeds") from Angiosperms ("vessel seeds"). Step 2: Key Formula or Approach
The key biological concept here is the structure of the gynoecium. In Angiosperms, ovules are housed within an ovary, which matures into a fruit. In Gymnosperms, the ovules are borne directly on the surface of megasporophylls (usually organized into cones), meaning they are exposed to the environment both before and after fertilization. Step 3: Detailed Explanation
Analyzing Funaria: This is a moss belonging to the Bryophyta. Bryophytes do not produce seeds or ovules; they produce spores for reproduction. Thus, they cannot have exposed ovules.
Analyzing Selaginella: This is a Pteridophyte (fern ally). Although some species of {Selaginella} show heterospory (a precursor to the seed habit), they are still considered seedless vascular plants and do not produce true ovules enclosed or otherwise.
Analyzing Pinus: This is a classic member of the Gymnospermae. In {Pinus}, the ovules are found on the scales of the female cone. There is no surrounding ovary wall, so the ovules (and the seeds they become) are "naked" or exposed.
Analyzing Wolffia: This is the smallest known flowering plant (Angiosperm). Like all angiosperms, its tiny flowers contain an ovary that completely encloses the ovules, protecting them within a floral "vessel."
Step 4: Final Answer
Based on the taxonomic classification, {Pinus} is the only plant listed that belongs to the Gymnosperms, which are defined by having ovules not enclosed by an ovary wall.